Interchangeable-key lock.



E. E. WATSON.

INTERCHANGEABLE KEY LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-24, 1909.

1 379%366 Patented Apr. 27, 1915,

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INTERCHANGEABLE KEY LOCK.

APPLICATEON FILED SEPT 24, 1909.

Patented Apr. 27; 1915.

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ME NORRIS PETERS 60.. PHOTO-LITHCL. WASHINGTON. I). c.

' saryto set up the look by means of a guard.

In general, the key lockwhich U TE 1 s n'rns PATENT ornion.

ELMER ELLSWORTI-I wA'rso m'or HAMILTON, OHIO.

INTERGHANGEABLE-KEY LOCK.

. To all whom it'm'ag concern ,Be it known that I, ELMERE. WA'rsoN, of

Hamiltomin the county of Butler, and in the State of Ohio, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Intere changeable-Key Locks, and do hereby declare thatthe following isa full, clear, and exact description thereof.

'1 I My-invention relates to an improvement in interchangeable key locks- The object of inventionis to provide an lnterchange'able keylock of very simple, construction, whichat the same time is capable of adaptation-toany one of a very great number of different keys. 7 e p I constitutes an embodiment of my invention is con structed in such a manner that any one ofv a given series of keys may be used to operate.

the lock, but that when adjusted and locked by a certain key, only} the key which has been used to lock the bolt can be used again tounlock the same. Again, when the lock has-beenlocked, it is first necessary to in- 1 sert aguard key for the purpose of setting up a guard tumbler, before the lock can be' unlocked by the locking and unlocking key. Furthermore, when the locking and unlocking keyhas been withdrawn while the lock is in its unlocked position, it is first neceskey, before the lock can be again lockedby means of the locking and unlocking key.

. :I have shown diflerent embodiments of my invention n the accompanying drawings,-in which Figure 1 is a horizontal cross-section of a :door equipped with one modification of the lock; Fig. 2 is an elevational view of said lock with the cover plate removed; Fig. 3 is a similar ,view of another modification of my lock; Fig. 4: is a detail view of the key barrel; Fig- 5 is a rear elevational view of. the interior of the modification shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with a portion of the casing and bolt plate broken away; Fig. 6 is an elevational view of the rear guard tumbler shown in the modification appearing in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 7 1s a similar new of. the

rear guard tumbler used in the modification shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a similar view of I the front guard tumbler used in both modilfica tions; Fig; 9 is. a detail view of the thumb-screw tightening mechanism used in Specification of Letters Patent.

I atented Apr. 27, 1915 Application filed September 24, 1909. Serial No. 519,364.

the second modification shown in Fig. 3, and .Fig. 10;is an elevational view of one of the auxiliary tumblers.

- In the modification shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4,

5, 6 and 8 of the drawings, 1 is a door located within ajwall 2.. The door carries a lock 3, which has a cylindrical boss 1 eX- tendingthrough the door to the outside thereof. The'boss 411 carries a key cylinder 5 of the usual type. Said cylinder is provided with a talon 6, which' operates upon the inner faced an inclosing shell 7 for the lock.

The shell. 7 is designed to be covered by 'means of a lid 8 in the usual manner. The

talon isdesigned' to reciprocate a bolt v9, comprising a thin plate 10 carrying at its outer edge a beveled head 11 projecting.

through the lock casing 7. The casing 7 carries near one end a pin- 12 which guides afront guard tumbler 13, and a pluralityof auxiliary tumblers 14:. Each of the auxiliary tumblers 14: has a curved transverse slot 15 through which the pin 12 is. designed to ass. The front guard tumbler 13 is situated upon the top of the auxiliary tumblers v1%, and is provided with a longitudinal slot 15 to receive the pin 12. It also has at one end 16 a slot 17 and a projection 17 The auxiliarytumblers 14 are provided at their corresponding ends with recesses 18 and with the rear racking'stump 20, being provided with a recess 22 and a projection123' for this purpose. The rear guard tumbler 21 is slotted at 26 and pivoted upon apin 24 projecting from the casing 7 upwardly. The slots 17 and 18 aredesigned to receive a front racking stump 27 carried upon the flat plate 10. Each of the tumblers is pressed downwardly toward the key cylinder by a spring 28, each spring being adapted to slide upon theinterior of the shell 7, and being attached at one end to one of the tumblers in any approved manner.

The casing 7 is provided with slot 29 to receive a pin 30 projecting therethrough,

which is pivoted upon an arm 31 normally spring-pressed into a vertical position by a spring 32. The plate 10 has a projection 33 upon its lower side intersecting the'path of movement of the pin 30. This pin 30 is positioned in such a manner as to act as a stop toprevent the turning of the talon 6 sufficiently far to aline the key slots in the plug 5 and the base 4 to allow a retraction of the y I. I

The rear guardtumbler 21 is also provided with a recess 30',whic'h is designed to register with the pin 30 when the latter is moved out of the path of the talon 6, for the purpose of retaining the pin 30 in its de pressed or inoperative position. Upon the insertion of a guard key for re-setting the lock, the pin 30 is automatically released from the recess 30 by the lifting of the guard tumbler.

Assuming that thelock is-in its unlocked position, the plate'10 has been withdrawn the, locking and unlocking keywith the bolt in unlocked position has beendepressed by the finger so as "to permit the rotation of the talon 6 beyondthe position of the pin 30,

a guard key is inserted into the lock to move therear guard tumbler21 into engagement with the rear racking stump 20. Because of the presence of the slot 26 in the rear guard tumbler, upon the reverse rotation of the guard key for the purpose of withdrawing the same, the pin 30 having been again manually depressed the rear guard tumbler 21 is "moved into engagenient with the rear racking stump 20, where it is held in this position by means of the spring attached to said tumbler. The lock is now set up to any one of a number of keys foroperating the auxiliary tumblers 14, which will bring any one set or group of the recesses '19 into engagement with the rear racking stump 20. Upon the pin 30 now beingreleased so as to permit its movement intoa' vertical position, by means of the spring 32, the bolt 9carried. upon the pla'te lO can be moved into'its locked position by a further rotation of the key. 7 As the bolt Qieaches'its locked position, the front ends of the auxiliary tumblers, and the corresponding end of the front guard tumbler 13, are released from engagement with the fr'o'nt racking stump 27 the projections 17 18 engaging said front racking stump to limit the movement of the various tumblers. The key can now be withdrawn.

In order to unlock the lock, it is necessary first toinsert a guard key to move the front guard tumbler 13 into position opposite the front racking stump 27 Upon the reverse rotation of the guard key for withdrawing I thesame, the slot 17 is forced over the front racking stump 27, so as to become engaged guard tumbler maintains the same in the position in which it engages the front rack- .ing stump. The same key which has been used to lock the lock can now be inserted for I unlocking the same. Such key when rotated for talon 6 in the retraction of the bolt so as, H

"the auxiliary tumblers 14 now fall down-- Wardly so as to'move the recesses-19 out of engagement with the rear racking stump 20. The recess 22 of the rear guard tumbler 21, however, is retained in a position-opposite the rear racking stump, as this end of the rear guard tumbler rests upon the pin 30 when the latter is in itsfvertic'al position. and the pin'30 toallow the withdrawal of So long as the pin 30 is in this position,.the

key used to unlock thelock can not be withdrawn, but is retained in thelock for the purpose of re-locking the same. Should it be desired to remove this key, the same can be accomplished by depressing the pin '30 lock the lock, it is merely necessary to rotate said key in the reverse direct-ion until the bolt 9 engages with the recess in the door opening. 3

In this modification'of my look, when the rear guard tumbler is operated by'means of the corresponding guard key to move the recess 22- thereof into engagement with the rear racking stump 20, this movement is made possible by the presence of the slot 26 in said rear guard tumbler. Upon the looking movement of the lock thereafter,' the rear guard tumbler 21 is moved forwardly a slight distance by the engagement of the bottom of the slot 22 thereof with the rear racking stump 20. Upon asubsequent retraction now of the bolt 9, the recess 22 of 'the rear racking tumbler 21 will no longer be retained in engagement with the real" racking stump 20, but will be only maintained in a position opposite said rear racking stump 20, by meansof the pin 30 which supports the rear endof the rear racking tumbler. p The front guard tumbler 13 operates in a similar manner. moved into engagement with the front racking stump 27 through the agency of the The; slot 17 thereof is guard key, but when. the bolt is retractedto .unlock thelo ck, the front racking stump'27 In the modification shown in Figs. 3,

I and 9, the-parts are constructedzand operate in the same manneras described in connection' Withthe other modification, except as follows :The thin plate 10' is provided with a rear auxiliary bolt member 34 having an arm 35 at its lower end, for the purpose of limiting the movement of the talon 6 in certain positions of said arm and an upper arm 36 at the upper end thereof, provided. -with a slot 37 to receive a projection 38 upon the main body of theplate 10. The

. auxiliary bolt member 34.also carries a rear racking stump 39. The pin 12in this instance extends inwardly from the casing 7 between the main body: of the bolt 10 and the auxiliary bolt member 34. A pin 40 is attached to the under side of the auxiliary bolt member 34 projecting into a slot 41 in the casing 7. Athumb screw 42 is provided on the'end of-the pin 40, so as to secure the auxiliary bolt member 34 inits adjusted position.

In the normal operation of this modification of mylock, the parts operate in substantially the same manner as described in 7 connection with the'modification above referred to, except that the rear guard tum-- bler 21;is normally held in-en'gagement with the-rear racking stump 39, and the talon 6 is prevented from rotating sufiiciently far to permit the withdrawal of the locking and unlocking key by the presence of the lower arm upon-the auxiliary bolt member 34. Furthermore, in case it is desired to set the lock for a new key, the thumb screw 42 is loosened, and'the auxiliary bolt-member 34 moved longitudinally away from the plate 10 in its unlocked position. -The rear rackingstump 39 is thus released" from the recesses in the rear guard tumbler 21 and the auxiliary tumblers 14. All of these tumblers are now pressed downwardly by the various springs attached thereto, and the talon'6 canv be rotated a sufficient distance to permit the withdrawal of the key. It will be seen that a great many different permutations of the positions of the slots 17 in the front guard tumbler and the slot 22 in the rear guard tumbler, can be made, so as to cause the lock to be operated by a great variety of guard keys. Furthermore, it will be see'nthat a great manydifferent permutations of the positions into which the auxiliary tumblers are to be thrown by the look ing and unlocking key, can be made, thus providing for a great variety in the kinds of keys that can be used for thispurpose. .It will be seen, however, that althoughmany different keys can'be used to operate a particular lock, in orderto lock and unlock the same, each. key of the series which is adapted .to operate the lock for this purpose must be provided with proper zprojections so as notto interfere with the front and rear guard tumblers. By varying thepositions of the slots in thef-ront and rear guard tumblers, itwill consequently be seen that an entirely new series of keys can be provided for locking andrunlocking'the lock. The

projections upon the keys used-for locking. and unlocking the lock are, however, so

arranged as not to bringthe guard tumblers into registry with the racking stumps, so

as not to dispense, with the necessity of guard keys. y v

While I have described my invention above in detail, I wish'it to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing fromthe spirit of my invention.

I claim 1. In a device-of the character described,

the combination of a locking member, the

member having a key slot, a key operated tumbler movableas a whole adjacent to the key slot and having a fulcrum adapted to be moved with the movement of the tumbler as a whole by the operation of a particular key for controlling the movement of the locking member,-and a stump cooperating with the tumbler at one end thereof. h

2. In a device of the character described, the ,combination'of a locking member and a key-operated tumbler for controlling the movement of the locking member, said tumbler having a movable fulcrum adapted to be moved by the key, and an operative openended slot on each end.

3. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a tumbler adj acent to the key-slotfor controlling the movement of the locking member, a racking stump cooperating with the tumbler atea-ch end thereof, and a movable pin for preventing, when in one position, insertion of a key and locking of the locking member, and when in another. position, permitting said insertion and locking.

4. In a device of the character described,

.the' combination of a locking member, a

position, the insertion of a' key and looking I of the locking member, and when in another position, permitting said insertion and lOckmg p 6. In a device of the character described,

the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a plurality of tumblersadjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking memher, said tumblers having an operative slot on each end, and a movable pin for preventing, when in one position, the insertion of a key and locking of the locking member, and when in another position permitting said insertion and locking.

7 Ina device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a tumbler adjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking member, a stump cooperating with the tumbler at each end thereof, and a movable pin for preventing when in one position the removal of a key used to unlock the locking members, and

when in another position permitting said removal. v 8. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a tumbler adja cent tothe key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking member, said tumbler having an operative slot on each end, and a movable pin for preventing, when in one position, the removal of a key used to unlock the locking members, and when in another position, permitting said removal.

9. In a'device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a plurality of tumblers adjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking mem ber,- a stump cooperating with the tumblers at each end of each of the tumblers, and a movable pin for preventing, when in one position, the removal of a key used to unlock the locking member, and when in another position, permitting said removal.

10. In a deviceof the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a'key-slot, a plurality of tumblers adjacent to the'key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking memher, said tumblers having an operative slot on each end, and a movable pin for preventing, when 1n one pos1t1on,the removal of a keyused to unlock the locking member, and when in another position, permitting said removal. i

1 11. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a plurality of key-operated tumblers for controlling the movement of the locking member and a stump cooperating with the tumblers at each end of each of'the tumblers,

said tumblers having movable fulcrums controlled by the position of said locking mem- 12. In a device of the character described, the combination o1 a locking member, a .plurality of key-operated tumblers for controlling the movement of the locking member, said tumblers having an operative slot at each end of each of said tumblers and having movable fulcrums'controlled by the position of said locking member.

13. In a device of the'character described, the combination of a locking member, means requiring the insertion and operation of a guard key to unlock the look, but dispens-. ing with said guard key in the normal locking of said lock and means requiring the insertion and operation of the guard key in order to lock the lock when the locking key has been withdrawn.

1a. In a device of the characterdescribed, the combination of alocking member, means requiring the insertion and operation-eta guard key to unlock the look but dispensing with said guard key in the normallocking of said lock, and means for preventing the withdrawal of the locking key in the unlocked position of the lock, said last :;men-

tioned means' being constructed to allow movement to permit the withdrawal of said key and thei'lock being so constructed as'to require -threafter the insertion and opera- {ion of the guard key before looking the ock.

15. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member havinga key-slot, a tumbler adj acent to the key-slot for controlling-the movement of the locking member, a racking stump coeperating with the tumbler at each end thereof, and a movable abutment for preventing, when in one position,'insertion of a key and locking of the locking member, and when in another position, permitting said insertion and locking. 7

16; Ina device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, .a member having a key-slot, a tumbler adjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking member, said tumbler having an operative slot on each end,;and a movable abutment for preventing, when in one position, the insertion of a key and locking of the locking member, and when in another position permitting said insertionand locking.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for 17 In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a plurality of tumblers adjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking member, a stump cooperating with the tumblers at each end of each of the tumblers, and a movable abutment :torpreventing, when'in one position, the insertion of a key and looking of the locking member, and when in another position, permitting said insertion and looking. I

18. In a device of the character described,

the combination of a locking member, a

member having a key-slot, a plurality of tumblers adjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking member, said tumblers having an operative slot on each end, and a'movable abutment for preventing, when in one position, vthe insertion of a key and locking of the locking member, and when in another position permitting said insertion and locking.

19. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a tumbler adjace'nt to the key-slot for controlling the move mnt of the locking member, a stump cooperating with the tumbler at each end thereof, and a movable abutment for preventing when in one position the removal of a key used to unlock the locking members,

. and when in another position permitting said removal. a

20. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a

member having a key-slot, a tumbler adjacent to the key-slot for controlling the movement of the locking member, said tumbler having an operative slot on each end, and a movable abutment for preventing, when in one position, the removal of a key used to unlock the locking members, and when in another position, permitting said removal.

21. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a plurality of tumblers adjacent to the key-slot for con- 7 trolling the movement of the locking member, a stump cooperating with the tumblers at each end of each of the tumblers, and a movable abutment for preventing when in one position, the removal of a key used to unlock the locking member, and when in anotherposition, permitting said removal.

22. In a device of the character described, the combination of a locking member, a member having a key-slot, a plurality of tumblers adjacent to the key-slot for con trolling the movement of the locking member, said tumblers having an operative slot on each end, and a movable abutment for preventing, when in one position, the re- 'moval of a key used to unlock the locking member, and when in another position, permitting said removal.

23. In a safety lock the combination of a sliding bolt provided with a detent, a plurality of adjacent tumblers engaged in common atone end by said detent in the retracted position of the bolt and a detent' engaging said tumblers in relatively adjustable positions of elevations at the other end.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

ELMER ELLSVVORTII WATSON.

Witnesses:

' H. L. Prminnes,

W. G. FULLER.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0'. 

